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UK Police Declare Violence Against Women a National Emergency

By
Samara Knight
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Violence against women and girls (VAWG) in England and Wales has surged by nearly 40% over the past five years. This sharp increase has prompted police chiefs to declare it a “national emergency.” The National Police Chiefs’ Council (NPCC) estimates that around 2 million women fall victim to male violence annually, highlighting the severity of this crisis.

The Guardian reports that crimes such as stalking, harassment, sexual assault, and domestic violence now affect one in 12 women. The number of recorded offences has grown by 37% between 2018 and 2023, with perpetrators becoming younger. This information is part of the first national analysis of violence against women and girls by the NPCC.

Disturbing Statistics and Radicalization Concerns

The NPCC report reveals that 20% of all police-recorded crimes—over 1 million offences annually—are related to VAWG. These include sexual assault, stalking, harassment, domestic violence, and controlling and coercive behavior. The true number of offences is estimated to be double the recorded figures.

Maggie Blyth, the police national lead for VAWG, stated, “Violence against women and girls is a national emergency. We need the support and direction of government to intervene and address the current problems within the criminal justice system and lead the way on a whole-system approach to VAWG.” [via The Guardian]

Child sexual abuse and exploitation have increased by over 400% from 2013 to 2022. Offences by children make up 55.6% of the total. The average age of victims is 13, while suspects average 15 years old. The NPCC also expressed concerns about young men being radicalized online by influencers like Andrew Tate.

Government and Police Responses

Keir Starmer, the new prime minister, has vowed to halve violence against women and girls within a decade. He has initiated taskforces in each police force, including specialist domestic abuse workers responding to emergency calls. However, police chiefs acknowledge that many victims do not report crimes, meaning the actual number of victims could be significantly higher.

Louisa Rolfe, the national lead for domestic abuse, suggested that the real figure might be closer to 4 million victims annually. She pointed out the increasing prevalence of non-fatal strangulation among younger people. Rolfe attributes this to the influence of extreme online material. In addition, she notes that non-fatal strangulation has become more common among younger individuals. Research shows some men believe it’s a normal part of a sexual relationship, despite lacking women’s consent.

Harriet Wistrich from the Centre for Women’s Justice criticized the report for failing to sufficiently address the problem of police officers committing violence against women and girls. She stated that the NPCC report barely mentions police perpetrators of VAWG, which has significantly eroded victims’ trust in law enforcement.

The Role of Technology and Education

Part of the increase in violence against women and girls is driven by extreme content on the internet. Police have called for technology companies to act faster in removing harmful material. Clare Kelly, associate head of policy at the NSPCC, urged tech companies to stop boys from being targeted with misogynistic content.

“Tech companies must step up to stop boys from being targeted with vile misogynistic content and put safety measures in place to prevent grooming and sexual abuse proliferating their platforms,” stated Ms Kelly [via The Guardian].

Educational institutions also play a crucial role. Schools need support to deliver high-quality, inclusive, and relevant relationships and sex education. This is essential to create a culture where girls feel safe, heard, and empowered.

Addressing Systemic Challenges

The inefficiencies within the justice system exacerbate the issue, with delays in prosecuting domestic abuse cases often causing victims to withdraw their support for prosecutions. Blyth noted that the system is not functioning effectively due to significant delays. These delays erode trust in the legal process and leave victims feeling unsupported.

The government and police recognize that violence against women and girls should be treated as seriously as terrorism. They are committed to better training and reforms to bring more offenders to justice.

Jess Phillips, the safeguarding minister, stressed the urgency of the situation: “The scale of violence against women and girls in our country is intolerable and this government will treat it as the national emergency that it is.” [via The Guardian]

Featured image: Violence against women is a national emergency. Source: DavidPrado / Adobe Stock.

Amy Kaufman Speaks Out: The Reality of Domestic Abuse (Video)

By
Samara Knight
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Amy Kaufman

In this raw and honest video interview, Amy Kaufman shares her harrowing experience of domestic abuse and coercive control at the hands of her now ex-husband, Jonah Keri, a prominent Canadian sports journalist.

Amy details how the relationship, which began in 2016, started with ‘love bombing’ – a tactic often used by abusers. Initially, Keri showered her with attention, affection, and gifts, making her feel as though she was living a fairy tale. There were picnics, flowers, and hotel rooms filled with champagne, creating an illusion of the perfect romance. However, this façade quickly faded as Keri’s true nature emerged, leading Amy into a nightmare of control and violence.

The abuse escalated over time, with Keri taking over Amy’s finances under the guise of relieving her stress, thereby gaining further control over her life. Kaufman, who had confided in a few friends and family members, found herself too terrified to leave due to Keri’s threats. This form of manipulation and intimidation is a hallmark of coercive control, where the abuser systematically erodes the victim’s autonomy and instills fear to keep them trapped. Amy described her life during this period as being a prisoner, unable to see a way out due to the constant harassment and danger posed by Keri.

When Amy finally reported Keri to the police, she provided substantial evidence, including threatening messages, audio, and video recordings. This led to Keri pleading guilty to seven charges of assault, criminal harassment, and uttering death threats, covering incidents from July 2018 to January 2019. His subsequent 21-month sentence, Amy hopes, will offer some solace and encouragement to other survivors of domestic abuse and coercive control. By sharing her story, Amy aims to shed light on the insidious nature of coercive control and provide hope to those who are still trapped in similar situations.   

Featured image: Amy Kaufman. Source: YouTube Screenshot / Los Angeles Times.

Is Coercive Control a Crime? Exploring Laws Against Controlling Behavior

By
Samara Knight
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Is coercive control a crime?

Coercive control involves a pattern of behavior that abusers use to dominate and control their partners. It is often subtle and insidious, making it more difficult to detect – even victims themselves may not realize they are being abused. Coercive control frequently accompanies physical violence but it can be just as damaging in relationships without physical abuse.

In recent years, a number of jurisdictions have enacted laws to criminalize non-physical abuse, including coercive and controlling behavior. These laws focus on addressing ongoing patterns of harm rather than isolated incidents.

Traditionally, criminal law has treated repeated incidents of intimate partner violence (IPV) as individual events, addressing each separately through specific offences. This approach fails to capture the overall pattern of abuse and the long-term harm it inflicts.

However, there is now a growing recognition of coercive control as a form of domestic abuse that needs to be addressed legally. Several countries have introduced laws specifically targeting this behavior, while others are in the process of doing so.

Where is Coercive Control Illegal?

United Kingdom

The UK has been a pioneer in recognizing and criminalizing coercive control. In December 2015, England and Wales introduced the Serious Crime Act, which made coercive control a criminal offense. This law recognizes that abuse is not always physical and that it may encompass controlling behavior, verbal abuse, isolation, monitoring and stalking, emotional abuse, intimidation, or financial abuse.

The legislation was groundbreaking, acknowledging that the psychological harm caused by coercive control can be just as damaging as physical abuse. Scotland followed suit with the Domestic Abuse (Scotland) Act 2018, which also criminalizes coercive control.

While the UK’s coercive control laws sent a significant message and set a precedent for other countries to follow, actual conviction rates remain alarmingly low. According to the Office for National Statistics, in the year ending March 2020, there were 24,856 recorded coercive control offences in England and Wales. However, only 1,647 cases resulted in a charge or summons, highlighting the challenges in securing convictions.

Ireland

In Ireland, coercive control was criminalized under the Domestic Violence Act 2018, which came into effect on January 1, 2019. This legislation recognizes the severe impact of non-physical abuse and aims to protect victims from psychological harm. Under this law, individuals found guilty of coercive control can face significant penalties, including up to five years of imprisonment.

Australia

Coercive control is now a crime in two states of Australia. New South Wales recently passed laws that criminalize coercive control, which came into force on 1 July, 2024. This legislation, which carries penalties of up to seven years in prison, marks a crucial development in the state’s approach to addressing domestic violence.

The State of Queensland followed soon after, passing legislation to criminalize coercive control, which will come into effect in 2025. Queensland’s new legislation followed the tragic case of Hannah Clarke, who was murdered along with her three children by her estranged husband after enduring years of coercive control. Under the new laws, perpetrators of coercive control will face up to 14 years in prison if found guilty.

United States

Is coercive control illegal in the United States? The legal recognition of coercive control varies by state. California and Hawaii have specific laws against coercive control. In California, Senate Bill 1141, passed in 2020, defines coercive control as a pattern of behavior that unreasonably interferes with a person’s free will and personal liberty. Hawaii’s law similarly recognizes coercive control as a form of domestic abuse. Other states, including Connecticut and New York, are also working towards implementing legislation to address coercive control.

Canada

Canada is making strides towards recognizing coercive control within its legal framework. In June 2024, Members of Parliament unanimously voted to criminalize coercive control in Canada. This new legislation, introduced as a private member’s bill C-247 by New Democrat MP Laurel Collins, aims to address various forms of psychological manipulation and control within intimate relationships. While the bill is still under consideration, it represents a significant step forward in addressing coercive control in Canada.

Where Else is Coercive Control a Crime?

In several countries, amendments to domestic violence acts are being made to expand the definition of domestic abuse to include coercive and controlling behavior. For example, New Zealand’s Family Violence (Amendments) Act 2018, which took full effect on July 1, 2019, feature an updated definition of family violence that places greater emphasis on coercive and controlling behavior. This includes patterns of behavior, such as isolating a person from family members or friends, which consist of physical, sexual, and psychological abuse.

Additionally, in 2021, the European Court of Human Rights urged authorities to promptly revise the legal definition of domestic violence to encompass manifestations of controlling and coercive behavior. These amendments signify a critical shift towards acknowledging and addressing the full spectrum of abuse that victims may endure.

Challenges and Future Directions

While significant progress has been made in recognizing coercive control and making it a crime, challenges remain in ensuring laws are effectively implemented and enforced. Training for law enforcement officers, judges, and other professionals is essential to help them recognize and respond to coercive control appropriately. Without this education, new laws may not be applied effectively.

Proving coercive control in court poses significant challenges for victims. Since coercive control often involves psychological and emotional abuse rather than physical evidence, it can be difficult to provide concrete proof. Victims may struggle to gather evidence that demonstrates a pattern of controlling behavior, and abusers frequently manipulate situations to appear innocent. The lack of tangible evidence makes it challenging for victims to convince authorities and courts of their abuse.

Ensuring that victims feel safe and supported when coming forward is another critical challenge. Many victims fear retaliation from their abusers or lack trust in the legal system to protect them. Providing comprehensive support services, including safe housing, legal assistance, and counseling, is essential to help victims escape abusive situations and rebuild their lives.

Criminalizing coercive control changes how intimate partner violence is prosecuted by acknowledging the overall pattern of abuse, not just isolated incidents. This approach supports victims’ credibility and reveals the full extent of the abuser’s actions. Legal recognition of coercive control is vital for victims of non-physical abuse, providing better protection and increasing the likelihood of convicting abusers. It also helps the public, law enforcement, and judges understand the serious nature and damage of psychological abuse.

Featured image: Coercive control is a crime in many countries. Source: Gorodenkoff / Adobe Stock.

Ruling Connects Teen’s Suicide to Emotional Abuse & Police Reopen Investigation

By
Samara Knight
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Roisin Hunter Bennett

The tragic death of Roisin Hunter Bennett, a 19-year-old from Darlington, England, has led to a landmark ruling acknowledging that her ex-boyfriend’s emotional abuse of her played a significant role in her suicide. Following this ruling, Durham Police have now reopened the investigation into Roisin’s death. Roisin’s story has sparked calls for coroners to have a deeper understanding of the impact of coercive control and emotional abuse in cases of suicide.

Controlling Relationship

BBC reports that Roisin Hunter Bennett tragically took her own life on 16 March 2022 after enduring two years of emotional abuse and coercive control by her ex-boyfriend.

Roisin’s mother, Margaret Hunter said that Roisin began dating Patrick Walsh when she was just 17. According to Teeside Live, Margaret quickly grew concerned about the controlling and coercive nature of the relationship. She recalls that even after Roisin ended the relationship shortly before her death, the abuse continued through incessant messages.

Roisin’s parents, Margaret Hunter and Tony Bennett, advocate for increased awareness that emotional abuse can happen in any relationship, including those involving teenagers. They highlight that mobile phones are often the ‘weapon of choice’ in such cases.

Inquest Rules on Roisin Hunter Bennett’s Death

In January 2023, during the inquest into Roisin’s death, County Durham and Darlington assistant coroner James Thompson concluded that Roisin had taken her life due to the pressures of her relationship ending and the demands of her studies and work.

Roisin’s parents felt this conclusion did not reflect the reality of Roisin’s experience. They maintained that emotional abuse and coercive control by her ex-boyfriend, Patrick Walsh, played a key role in her suicide.

During the inquest, Margaret and Tony pointed out that there were 60,000 texts and social media messages exchanged between Roisin and her ex-boyfriend over two years. However, the inquest only considered the messages from the 48 hours before her suicide attempt.

“For anyone who knows anything about coercive and controlling behaviour, that in itself shows a fundamental misunderstanding,” Margaret said. “Coercive and controlling behaviour is a pattern of behaviour which occurs over a long period of time.” [via BBC]

Successful Appeal and Investigation Reopened

Tony and Margaret successfully appealed the coroner’s conclusion in the High Court. In a Judicial Review, the coroner amended the inquest findings to acknowledge that Roisin’s suicide was “due to an emotionally abusive relationship.”

Roisin’s ex-partner denied any wrongdoing and did not attend either the inquest or the judicial review.

Durham Police initially stated there would be no criminal prosecution, but following the High Court’s landmark ruling, they have reopened the investigation into Roisin’s death and a full review will now take place.

Better Recognition of Abuse in Suicides

Roisin’s parents are advocating for better recognition of the severe effects of controlling behavior, which they believe contributed to their daughter’s decision to take her own life.

“I feel as though it is incumbent on the chief coroner who is in charge to urgently issue guidelines on domestic abuse-related suicide so that he can give his coroners some clarity,” Margaret said [via BBC].

Margaret believes that new guidelines would help them handle evidence of abuse without fear of seeming to overstep their remit. Tony Bennett adds that such guidance would assist coroners in dealing with the evidence of abuse while ensuring they do not appear to apportion blame.

Roisin’s Legacy

Roisin’s parents remember her as a vibrant and talented individual. She excelled in sports, drama, dancing, and singing, and had a promising career ahead of her. Roisin worked at Darlington Specsavers for three and a half years and was one of the youngest students in the country studying for her dispensing optician exams. Her goal was to qualify as an optician and continue her studies at university.

Margaret and Tony Bennett now live with the pain of losing their only child but are determined to highlight the urgent need for better understanding and recognition of coercive control and emotional abuse within the legal system. By pushing for new guidelines, Roisin’s parents hope to bring about changes that will protect other victims and ensure that their daughter’s legacy leads to meaningful reform.

Featured image: Roisin Hunter Bennett. Source: Family handout

How Domestic Abuse Led to Jessica Laverack’s Heartbreaking Suicide

By
Samara Knight
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Jessica Laverack

Jessica Laverack, a talented hairdresser with a vibrant social life, tragically ended her own life after enduring years of domestic abuse. Her mother, Phyllis Daly, 67, recounts Jessica’s journey from a bright, bubbly personality to someone completely transformed by the horrors she faced in her relationship with bodybuilder Patrick Walsh.

A Promising Life Cut Short

Jessica’s life seemed perfect from the outside. Jessica had a love of horses and fashion and was always very social. “She just had the most affectionate and fun nature. She was so bright, bubbly, but her personality changed completely,” Phyllis recalls [via Yahoo News]. The change began when Jessica started dating Walsh in 2014. Allegations against Walsh include violence, sexual abuse, and controlling behavior, all of which profoundly impacted Jessica.

On 2 February 2018, Jessica took her own life at the age of 34. The coroner’s conclusion that “the underlying cause of her illness [was] domestic abuse” marked a significant moment, as it is believed to be the first time in the UK that a coroner has directly linked suicide to domestic abuse.

Justice for Jessica Laverack

In the wake of Jessica’s death, Phyllis Daly has become a vocal advocate for harsher penalties against abusers whose actions drive victims to suicide. She supports Sharon Holland, whose daughter Chloe Holland also took her own life after suffering abuse, in campaigning for a new offence of “manslaughter by coercive control.”

Statistics highlight the severe risk faced by victims of domestic abuse. Women experiencing such abuse are three times more likely to attempt suicide. However, only one abuser has been charged with manslaughter in these circumstances. In 2017, Nicholas Allen received a 10-year prison sentence for the manslaughter of Justene Reece, who took her own life as a “direct result” of his actions.

Patrick Walsh’s Controlling Behavior

Jessica started dating Walsh in 2014 in Rotherham. Phyllis observed disturbing changes in her daughter’s behavior. She noted that Jessica, who once bought designer clothes, began shopping at charity shops for second-hand items, indicating Walsh’s financial control over her.

Phyllis said that Jessica had to eat separate meals; Walsh would have steaks, but Jessica was forbidden from touching his food. Jessica reported to the police that Walsh had strangled her until she lost consciousness. Phyllis recounted being called to the house where Jessica spent an hour and a half describing the horrific abuse she endured to a police officer. She said she was afraid for her life.

In 2017, Jessica fled to a new home in Beverley, East Yorkshire, to escape Walsh. Despite being categorized as “high risk” at an East Riding Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Conference (MARAC), a system error allowed her to fall through the cracks. Phyllis recounts, “She had sleep deprivation, night terrors. The perpetrator of violence just played on her mind over and over again, which made her sleep deprived. And that impact on her mental health just put her at high risk for suicide” [via Yahoo News].

A Heartbreaking End

Walsh discovered Jessica’s new address through a bank statement and began contacting her again. He sent a letter and showed up at her home, even attempting to take her pet dog. “He found her, and when she believed he was going to kill her, we were begging everybody for help,” Phyllis says. Walsh was not arrested, and Jessica ultimately took her own life.

Phyllis, represented by lawyer Sophie Naftalin, pursued a forensic inquest into Jessica’s death. After five years, in June 2022, the family received a landmark ruling that confirmed the “underlying cause of her illness [was] domestic abuse.”

Despite the ruling, Walsh never faced charges for his abuse of Jessica. He denied all allegations during the inquest, claiming they “very much loved each other” and had plans for a future together. For Phyllis, Jessica’s loss remains an unending sorrow, but she continues to fight for justice and recognition of the link between domestic abuse and suicide.

Phyllis Daly’s advocacy underscores the need for systemic changes to address the severe impact of domestic abuse. By pushing for new legislation and harsher penalties, she hopes to prevent other families from enduring similar tragedies.

Featured image: Jessica Laverack. Credit: Phyllis Daly

Victoria Cilliers: My Husband Tried To Kill Me by Sabotaging My Parachute (Video)

By
Samara Knight
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Victoria Cilliers

In 2015, experienced skydiver Victoria Cilliers narrowly escaped death during a skydive that went horribly wrong. Initially, the incident appeared to be a tragic accident. However, after a thorough two-year investigation and extensive media coverage, it was revealed that her husband, Emile Cilliers, had tampered with her parachute.

The lengthy court process was soul-crushing, as she struggled to comprehend that the man she loved and fathered her children had attempted to kill her. The motive, she discovered, was financial gain from her life insurance, as Emile had accrued significant debt and taken out loans in her name.

Reflecting on her experience, Victoria acknowledges the coercive control Emile exerted over her. Writing her memoire, I Survived: I Married a Charming Man. Then He Tried to Kill Me, helped her recognize the gradual manipulation and mental abuse she endured. Moving forward, her focus remains on rebuilding her life with her children, drawing a line under the past, and striving for a future free from the shadows of her traumatic experiences.

In this video, she shares part of her journey.

Featured image: Victoria Cilliers. Source: YouTube Screenshot / This Morning.

Kyle Clifford Controlled His Girlfriend for 6 Months Before Triple Murder

By
Samara Knight
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Kyle Clifford

The tragic deaths of Louise Hunt, her mother Carol, and her sister Hannah in Bushey, Hertfordshire, UK, have brought to light the devastating effects of coercive control and gender-based violence. Kyle Clifford, the suspect in the case, allegedly exercised a manipulative and controlling grip over his ex-girlfriend, Louise, for six months before the horrifying triple murder.

In the UK, the number of women killed by men remains alarmingly high. To date this year, 81 women have been murdered by men, underscoring the urgent need for effective measures to combat gender-based violence.

Clifford’s Control Over Louise Hunt

Mail Online reports that a family friend has revealed Clifford exerted control over Louise by stopping her from wearing makeup, dictating her social activities, and limiting her interactions with male friends. These behaviors are classic signs of coercive control, where the abuser seeks to undermine the victim’s autonomy and self-worth.

The family friend noted, “Kyle was controlling and used to ridicule Louise. In public, he made himself out to be a nice guy, but in private, he was anything but” [via Mail Online]. Despite the absence of reported physical violence, the psychological manipulation and control Clifford exerted were clear indicators of an abusive relationship.

The Triple Murder

According to The Guardian, on the evening of Tuesday 9 July, Carol Hunt, 61, the wife of the BBC 5 Live commentator John Hunt, and their daughters Hannah, 28, and Louise, 25, were found fatally injured at their home. They had been shot with a crossbow.

Clifford, who has now been arrested for the murders, was found the following day with serious injuries in a north London cemetery. He had reportedly attempted to harm himself and is under police guard in a serious condition in a hospital.

Clifford was captured on neighbors’ CCTV leaving the Hunt family’s property with a crossbow wrapped in a white sheet, further adding to the horror of the crime. The community in Bushey has been left in shock, mourning the loss of a well-loved family.

The connection between coercive control and femicide is well-documented. According to the UK’s Office for National Statistics, over half of the women murdered in domestic homicides were subjected to coercive control prior to their deaths.

Another significant finding from the NSW Domestic Violence Death Review Team reveals that between 2000 and 2018, 97% of intimate partner domestic violence homicides were preceded by the perpetrator using coercive control towards the victim. These statistics highlight the pervasive and dangerous nature of coercive control in abusive relationships.

Community Reactions and Support

The Hunts were known and loved in their community, which has been left devastated by the tragedy. Abdul Morsli, a close friend of Hannah, expressed his sorrow and shared how the Hunt family had welcomed him into their home during a difficult period in his life.

“Hannah was convinced that they’d get married one day…but there were issues with his controlling behavior,” Abdul said [via Mail Online].

Friends and family are now left grappling with the loss of three cherished individuals, while the community is urged to recognize and address the signs of coercive control and domestic abuse.

In memory of Louise, Carol, and Hannah Hunt, it is vital that we continue to address the serious issue of gender-based violence and advocate for stronger protections against domestic abuse and coercive control.

Featured image: Kyle Clifford. Source: Hertfordshire Police

Minimization: A Key Manipulative Strategy Used by Abusers

By
Samara Knight
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Minimization is a manipulative tactic

Minimization is a manipulative tactic used by domestic abusers to excuse their harmful actions. When an abuser minimizes, they downplay the severity of their behavior, making it seem less problematic. They refuse to take responsibility for the extent of the abuse and the level of harm they have caused. They then shift the blame onto the victim for feeling hurt or exaggerating the situation.

The Subtle Art of Minimization

An abuser will usually engage in minimization when their partner confronts them about an abusive incident that occurred. Often, they will acknowledge some wrongdoing but refuse to accept the full extent of the abuse and its impact. Statements like “It wasn’t that bad, get over it” or “I barely touched you,” are typical examples.

Dr. George Simon, leading expert on manipulators and author of In Sheep’s Clothing: Understanding and Dealing with Manipulative People, says, “They do this to make themselves feel better about what they did, as well as to manipulate other’s impressions of them.  Their primary objective is to get you to believe that there’s nothing wrong with the kind of person they are.” (p. 117)

The Manipulative Nature of Minimization

Dr. Simon, who has spent countless hours interviewing and counselling abusers, explains that they frequently use the words “just” and “only” to diminish the impact of their actions. For example, “I only slapped her and there was no strength in it” or “I just pushed her a little; it’s not like I hit her or anything.”

 “The story is always the same. What they mean to do is convince me that I would be wrong to conclude that their behavior was really as wrong as they know I suspect,” writes Dr. Simon. “Minimization is not primarily the way they make themselves feel better about what they did, it’s primarily the way they try to manipulate my impression of them. They don’t want me to see them as a person who behaves like a thug.”

The Abuser’s Mindset

Lundy Bancroft, who has worked with abusive men for more than 30 years, explores the abuser’s mindset in his book Why Does He Do That?: Inside the Minds of Angry and Controlling Men.

Bancroft explains that in the abuser’s mind, his behavior is never truly abusive. They sit comfortably with this belief by comparing themselves to “worse” abusers, believing that as long as they don’t cross certain lines, their behavior doesn’t qualify as serious.

“If he never threatens his partner, then to him threats define real abuse. If he only threatens but never actually hits, then real abusers are those who hit,” Bancroft writes. “Any abuser hides behind this mental process: If he hits her but never punches her with a closed fist . . . If he punches her but she has never had broken bones or been hospitalized . . .  In the abuser’s mind, his behavior is never truly violent.” (p. 159)

This mentality allows them to justify their actions and avoid taking full responsibility. When faced with legal consequences, such abusers often feel outraged, perceiving the system as unfair. They blame everyone else rather than accepting their abusive behavior.

The Psychological Impact on Victims

Minimization is a covert emotional abuse tactic that can have a devastating impact on victims. It creates a distorted reality where severe behaviors appear ‘not that bad,’ leading victims to doubt their own perceptions and memories.

Bancroft notes that victims often have clearer and more accurate memories of abusive incidents due to the hyper-alert state they are in during dangerous situations. Despite this, abusers accuse them of exaggeration or dishonesty to discredit them or ‘get them in trouble’. This gaslighting tactic causes the victim to experience significant self-doubt and reduced self-confidence.  

Victims often want to believe the excuses their abusive partners make because it is difficult to accept the harsh reality of their situation. People naturally seek rational explanations for irrational behavior, especially when it involves someone they care about. Abusers are skilled at manipulation and coercion, making their victims feel responsible for the abuse.

Part of the healing process for victims involves recognizing and overcoming their own tendencies to minimize their experiences. Accepting the full reality of their situation is crucial for recovery. This acknowledgment helps them understand the true impact of the abuse, enabling them to seek appropriate support and begin the journey towards healing and rebuilding their lives.

References

Bancroft, Lundy. (2002). Why Does He Do That? Inside the Minds of Angry and Controlling Men. Penguin Publishing Group.

Simon, G. K. (1996). In Sheep’s Clothing: Understanding and Dealing with Manipulative People. Parkhurst Brothers Inc.

Featured image: Minimization is a manipulative tactic. Source: Tinnakorn / Adobe Stock.

Coercive Control Is Now a Criminal Offence in NSW, Australia

By
Samara Knight
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coercive control in NSW

New South Wales (NSW) has taken a significant step in combating domestic abuse by officially enacting laws that criminalize coercive control. This legislation, which carries penalties of up to seven years in prison, marks a crucial development in the state’s approach to addressing domestic violence.

SBS News reports that the criminalization of coercive control in NSW passed through parliament in 2022, but its introduction was delayed, allowing time for educating police, the judiciary, and the public.

Coercive control is a pervasive form of domestic abuse characterized by a pattern of behavior that can include verbal and emotional abuse, financial control, violence, intimidation, threats, monitoring, and isolation from family and friends. Perpetrators often restrict their partner’s psychological, physical, and financial autonomy to deny them independence. This new law positions NSW as the first jurisdiction to have a standalone dedicated offence for coercive control.

“Abuse against a current or former intimate partner is unacceptable and will not be tolerated,” said NSW Attorney General Michael Daley.

Data from the NSW Domestic Violence Death Review Team reveals a strong correlation between intimate partner homicide and coercive control. From 2000 to 2018, 97 percent of intimate partner domestic violence homicides were preceded by the perpetrator exhibiting coercive control over the victim.

High-profile cases, such as the murder of Hannah Clarke and her three children by her estranged husband Rowan Baxter in 2020, have brought national attention to this form of abuse. Hannah Clarke’s case, in particular, highlighted the devastating consequences of coercive control and has spurred legislative changes in Queensland, known as Hannah’s Law, set to come into force in 2025.

Advocacy and Support

Annabelle Daniel OAM, CEO of Women’s Community Shelters, praised the new laws in NSW. “With this reform, we can now tell women seeking support at our services that the patterns of abuse they’ve experienced are criminal,” she told Women’s Agenda.

Daniel emphasized that the legislation would improve the lives of women and children, many of whom might never seek legal recourse. She also noted that police and court personnel had received training to identify patterns of coercive control, reducing the likelihood of misidentifying perpetrators during incidents

“There’s a very strong nexus between coercive control and domestic homicide,” Daniel added. “But it’s also important to note that coercive control deserves to be criminalized because it is intimate partner terrorism, whether or not it leads to domestic homicide. We need to draw a line in the sand around behavior that is acceptable in intimate partner relationships in New South Wales.”

Government Initiatives

The NSW government has allocated $5.6 million for implementing the coercive control laws, which includes training for police, awareness campaigns, and educational resources. A dedicated website has been launched to educate the public on coercive control, and an advertising campaign with the tagline “It’s not love, it’s coercive control. Know the signs of abuse” aims to raise awareness.

Stronger bail laws are also now in effect, requiring individuals charged with serious domestic violence offences to show cause as to why they should not be detained until their case is determined.

A Message to Perpetrators

Minister for the Prevention of Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault, Jodie Harrison, emphasized the importance of these new laws in protecting victims and holding perpetrators accountable.

“Today’s commencement of coercive control and bail laws sends a strong message to perpetrators that abuse is unacceptable,” she said. “We have listened to the lived experience of victim-survivors about reforms needed in the system, including implementing a Primary Prevention Strategy to address the drivers of violence and stop it before it starts.”

The criminalization of coercive control in New South Wales represents a landmark achievement in the fight against domestic abuse. By recognizing and penalizing this insidious form of violence, NSW is taking decisive action to protect victims and prevent future tragedies.

Featured image: Coercive control has been criminalized in NSW. Source: Gorodenkoff / Adobe Stock.

Fawziyah Javed Reported Coercive Control Before Cliff Push

By
Samara Knight
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Fawziyah Javed

Fawziyah Javed, a 31-year-old British lawyer, tragically lost her life when her husband, Kashif Anwar, pushed her off a cliff in Scotland. At the time of her death, she was pregnant with their first child. An investigation revealed that in the months leading up to her death Fawziyah was subjected to a harrowing pattern of coercive control and abuse. Anwar was subsequently found guilty of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment.

A Pattern of Control and Abuse

Shortly before her tragic death, Fawziyah Javed had taken steps to report her husband’s coercive and controlling behavior to the police. She detailed how Anwar controlled various aspects of her life including her clothing choices, monitoring her communications, stealing money from her bank account and transferring it to his own, and being physically abusive.  

Fawziyah’s mother, Yasmin Javed, told BBC Newsnight that Anwar resented his wife’s independence and well-educated background.

In phone conversations presented during the trial, Fawziyah is heard asking her husband, “Do I not have a say in how I want my life with you?”. He answers “No you can’t, with what? Because you are married now”. She says, “But can I not have a say, can I not have an opinion?” He replies, “You are not a man; start behaving like a woman. Don’t be that British woman. I am telling you now, it’s not going to work” and “if you end this [marriage] I will ruin yours [life].”

In recordings secretly made by Fawziyah, Anwar can be heard admonishing her for behaving like a “British woman” and asserting that she should act according to his expectations. The evidence collected by Fawziyah played a crucial role in the subsequent murder trial, which was featured in the Channel 4 documentary, The Push.

Honour-Based Abuse

According to the IKWRO Women’s Rights Organisation, the case illustrates the broader context of honour-based abuse, where individuals are victimized to protect or uphold the perceived honour of a family or community.

“Fawziyah was a bright, caring woman whose life, along with the life of her unborn child, have been stolen,” said Diana Nammi, Executive Director of IKWRO in a statement. “I welcome the guilty verdict of the perpetrator, who I believe murdered her in an “honour” killing, perceiving that he would be shamed because she wanted to leave him. There is no honour in murder or abuse.”

Events Leading to the Tragedy

Fawziyah Javed, a solicitor from Leeds, married Kashif Anwar in an Islamic ceremony on December 25, 2020. Despite initial concerns about Anwar’s possessive and hot-tempered nature, Fawziyah looked forward to her married life. However, the relationship quickly deteriorated, with Anwar exhibiting increasingly abusive behavior.

Three months after their wedding, Anwar knocked Fawziyah unconscious in a cemetery. He also attempted to suffocate her with a pillow and physically assaulted her.

Fawziyah reported Anwar’s behavior to the police twice. She did not seek immediate intervention but wanted to ensure there was a record of his actions in case anything were to happen to her. Tragically, her second report was made just days before her death.

Final Act of Violence

In September 2021, the couple went on a weekend trip to Edinburgh. CCTV footage captured them heading to Arthur’s Seat, the main peak of a group of hills in Edinburgh, Scotland. Anwar pushed Fawziyah off a 50-foot cliff, leading to her death. Remarkably, Fawziyah managed to tell a policewoman at the scene about what had happened before succumbing to her injuries. She said that her husband had pushed her when she tried to end their relationship.

In April 2023, Anwar was sentenced to a minimum of 20 years in prison for the murder of his wife and the death of their unborn child. The judge noted Anwar’s lack of remorse, a characteristic often seen in perpetrators of honour-based killings.

Fawziyah Javed’s death highlights the severe dangers of coercive control and honour-based abuse. Controlling behaviors, sometimes concealed under the guise of cultural or familial expectations, can escalate into fatal violence. Despite Fawziyah’s efforts to document and report her husband’s controlling actions, her cries for help were not enough to prevent the tragic outcome.

Featured image: Fawziyah Javed with her husband, Kashif Anwar. Source: YouTube Screenshot / Channel 4 Documentaries.

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